Human Rights in Afghanistan - 4924 Words

Human rights in Afghanistan The situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict. While the Taliban were well known for numerous human rights abuses, several human rights violations continue to take place in the post-Taliban government era.[citation needed] Post Taliban The Bonn Agreement of 2001 established the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) as a national human rights institution to protect and promote human rights and to investigate human rights abuses and war crimes. The Afghanistan Constitution of 2004 entrenched the existence of the AIHRC. While the ongoing turmoil, violence and reconstruction efforts often make it difficult to get an accurate sense of what is going on,†¦show more content†¦In the years prior to the Taliban takeover, characterized by prolonged war and the absence of a constitution, the extent of religious freedom depended on what faction controlled a particular area. Once the Taliban assumed power, however, there was no religious freedom at all. In 1999, the Taliban wrote a new constitution based on their conservative interpretation of Sharia. Under this constitution, Atheism was punishable by death, as was Apostasy, which was defined to include conversion to another faith such as Judaism or Christianity. The Taliban imposed its interpretation of Islamic law, establishing a Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice for purposes of enforcement. One of the Ministrys duties was to operate a body of religious police who enforced edicts on dress code, employment, access to medical care, behavior, religious practice, and expression. Persons found to be in violation of an edict were often subject to punishment meted out on the spot, which included beatings and detention. The Taliban persecuted members of other Islamic sects as well as non-Muslims. Traditionally, Sunni Islam of the HanafiShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights in Afghanistan4911 Words   |  20 PagesHuman rights in Afghanistan The situation of Human Rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict. While the Taliban were well known for numerous human rights abuses, several human rights violations continue to take place in the post-Taliban government era.[citation needed] Post Taliban The Bonn Agreement of 2001 established the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) as a national human rights institution to protect and promote human rights and to investigate humanRead MoreUnited States Special Inspector For Afghanistan Reconstruction1163 Words   |  5 Pagesthousand against the al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Eventually, the United States and its allies drove the Taliban from power and curtailed al Qaeda’s efforts to plan and execute terrorist attacks at a high cost. The United States special inspector for Afghanistan reconstruction has reported that, when the security for aid workers is counted, the total amount of nonmilitary funds that Washington has appropriated since 2002 â€Å"is about one-hundred billion dollars (Emadi).† That is more than the United StatesRead MoreEssay Women’s Rights Violations in Afghanistan1420 Words   |  6 PagesEver since the Taliban took over they have been violating the rights of their people especiall y the women. If seen anywhere alone or uncovered the women get punished usually either getting beat or held captive. This is very common for the women in Afghanistan to experience. The Taliban uses the Islamic Koran book as their way of doing things. The Islamic Koran is a sacred book seen as almost like a bible. The Taliban interprets what they get out of this book into their way of life. However theirRead MoreEssay about Humanitarian Issues in Afghanistan and Iraq1054 Words   |  5 Pagesinvasion of Afghanistan and the ensuing power struggle and the United States’ operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have caused untold suffering for civilians. In Iraq and Afghanistan in particular, there are many regions where civilians suffer terrible conditions, and there is much human suffering. Civilian casualties are becoming more common in Iraq and Afghanistan. Statistics show that there has been a steady increase in civilian casualties every year since America’s invasion: in Afghanistan, casualtiesRead MoreU.s. Relations With Iran955 Words   |  4 Pagessupports the anti-Assad rebels. The U.S. also has major concerns for Iran’s nuclear program, sponsorship of terrorism, and human rights record. The U.S. has tried to push the Iranian government to talk with the U.N. to try and dissolve the nuclear program and human rights abuse. The current Iranian government still has not recognized, one of America’s closest ally, Israel’s right to exist, this has hindered the Middle East peace process by arming militants, including Hamas, Hizballah, and PalestinianRead MoreAfghanistan and Somalia771 Words   |  3 PagesAfghanistan and Somalia have had many terrorists emerge over the span of twenty years in order to evoke disorder in the world. The United States (U.S.) has been attempting to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat terrorists (A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals; frequently in an attempt to coerce a more powerful opponent) associated with al-Qaida and its affiliates (U .S. Relations With Afghanistan). For example, during theRead MoreEssay on Women Led Organizations in Afghanistan1530 Words   |  7 Pagesbelow. Women Led organizations in Afghanistan AWC Afghan Women’s Council REFWID Feminist Majority Foundation of Refugee women in Development Inc CCA Cooperation Center for Afghans AWN Educators and Human Rights Commission in Pakistan, Afghan Women Network WAPHA Women’s Alliance for Peace and Human Rights in Afghanistan RAWA Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan Of those listed above Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA), is more prominent. This flagshipRead MoreCentral Asia And South Asia1377 Words   |  6 PagesCentral Asia and South Asia; Afghanistan is a country that involved in a multiple occasion of conflicts lasts for over three decades. The first MDG goal is created by United Nations (UN) which motivates countries to achieve a certain goal in a period of time. The problem faced by Afghans’ government became real when report showed that majority of Afghan community died because of poverty and hunger instead of armed conflict, (Norah Niland, March 30th 2010). Afghanistan is trying to achieve full productiveRead MoreThe Kite Runner Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesyou. Imagine having basic human rights taken away from you for no reason. Imagine waking up one day and realizing that your hands and legs were cut off and being the only alive member in your village. However,Hazaras living in Afghanistan are l iving a life that is much worse. In the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner† written by Khaled Hosseini, Afghanistan under the control of the Taliban was portrayed realistically. As mentioned in the novel the Taliban â€Å"...don’t let you be human† (Hosseini 209), Hazaras suchRead MoreCanadian Attitudes Towards the Afghanistan War976 Words   |  4 Pagesthis war was to invade Afghanistan and to disassemble an organization, known as the al-Qaeda terrorist organization. Another objective was to dismantle the Taliban government. The Taliban government was simply to blame for the deaths of so many Americans on 9/11. The leader, brains and financial support behind this organization was one by the name of Osama bin Laden. Because his country did not surrender him, the United States made the decision to declare war on Afghanistan and fight for those who

Marriage and Divorce - 1303 Words

These days, people are taking the issue of marriage and divorce very casually and not comprehending the actually consequences of these events, especially the effect it leaves on children. More like married couples get a divorce faster and easily than getting married. To add on to other extra problem, they have children without planning out and not being stable enough to even have extra member in the family. According to Oxford Dictionary, divorce is â€Å"the legal dissolution of a marriage by a court or other capable body†. Malaysia has the highest percentage of divorce rate. Based on research statistic, the divorce percentage reaches up 20% every year. In United States, 40% of all marriage end up in divorce. Internationally, an average of 1.3 per 1000 individuals gets a divorce. Having a marriage to end it’s not like a special event rather a long and heartbreaking process for the entire family including children in every aspect of their lives. Parents needs to underst and the effect of divorce because for the rest of their lives these children will have to face the consequence of the terrible decision made by their parent. They will end up becoming the victim of their own parent’s divorce. Divorce brings negative effect toward the children, it will cause the child to go through emotional and behavioural distress, will create a negative perception of their own marriage in the future and decrease their standard of living and happiness as well. Children will go through emotionalShow MoreRelatedMarriage and Divorce776 Words   |  4 PagesShort Essay #2 Short Essay on Marriage and Divorce One morning while doing my devotions, I received a phone call from my friend Jane. She told me that Tom and herself had hit a rough spot in their marriage, and were considering their options. Before making and rash life altering decisions she wanted to know if I would meet with them to get my perspective, and to ask some questions about what the bible says about marriage and divorce. I told her I am certainly no marriage counselor, but I would loveRead MoreMarriage Between Marriage And Divorce1101 Words   |  5 Pagestraditions is divorce. Over the years it has become something that occurs no questions asked. However it is not possible to have divorce without marriage. Marriage and divorce are interchangeably connected. For one is the beginning of a committed relationship and the other is the ending of one. Both, marriage and divorce, are still practiced today. Similarly their origins are also connected to the other. To understand divorce, one must first understand where marriage came from. Marriage is anotherRead MoreDating, Marriage, And Divorce1365 Words   |  6 PagesDating, Marriage, Divorce Dating, marriage, and divorce are three very important topics that each have commands from God to us. This paper will cover the Godly view on the three, and how the worldly views contradict and harm the marriage bed. First of all, Christian dating compared to â€Å"normal† dating is very different and is viewed as strange to many people. God commands that dating is to be pure and free of sexual immorality. Nowadays, it is just about the opposite of that. Many people decideRead MoreMarriage, Divorce and Remarriage1472 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage, Divorce, and Remarriage The Present, Past, and Future Tenses of Our Lives Marriage is possibly one of the hardest tasks that a man and a woman can try to accomplish in their life (Curran 2011). They have to bring their conflicts, needs, desires, and challenges into a melodious whole. God designed marriage to be permanent. â€Å"I hate divorce,† says the Lord God of Israel, (Mal.2:16 NIV). Tennessee Code - Volume 6A, Title 36, Sections 36-4-101 and 36-4-103 states there are fourteenRead MoreMarriage, Divorce and Celibacy1459 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy The Apostle Paul’s Teachings on Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy MS Mid-America Christian University BINT3813-PSY1207 Foundations of Ethics: The Life and Teachings of Paul Lawrence Kirk Marriage, Divorce and Celibacy Abstract This paper explores the Apostle Paul’s teachings on marriage, divorce, remarrying and celibacy. This teaching on marriage is found in 1 Corinthians 7. In his teachings Paul gives advice to the unmarriedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marriage And Divorce1490 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage and divorce has always been a tricky subject for many couples, the fear of rejection, starting a family or hurting their other counterpart can come to play in many situations throughout their relationship. Traditionally marriages were known to be a sacred bond between two individuals. This bond can be between two heterosexuals or two individuals of the same sex. On May 17th, 2004 Massachusetts became the first state to allow all same-sex marriages (Dinno 2013). In Canada same-sex marriagesRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Marriage Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is characterized as the legitimate end of a marriage, yet in its genuine sense, there is significantly more to it than simply the end of a relationship. These days numerous relational unions end in separation, and shockingly the vast majority of them end at their initial stages. This is a vital study in sociological research today as alongside separation rates going up, individuals level of strain and faltering about marriage is likewise expanding. At the present time, the general publicRead MoreDivorce And Its Definition Of Marriage978 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is ending often in divorce due to marrying young, the expectations placed on it, living together before marriage, and women’s independence. In this research paper, I will be discussing divorce and its definition. I will also discuss what sociologist theorists are saying regarding divorce in the research that I’ve read and reviewed. It is interesting to see how the reason for divorce continues to change but as society sees fit with their definition of marriage, divorce, and even whatRead MoreAnthropology: Marriage and Divorce879 Words   |  4 PagesAnthropology: Marriage and Divorce God in the Garden of Eden performed the first marriage. Adam and Eve, both made in God s image, were joined together by God and commanded to be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth (Genesis 1). God declared them to be one flesh (Genesis 2) and established the pattern of marriage to be a man leaving his father and mother and being joined to his wife (Genesis 2). Marriage in the Bible is a lifelong commitment between a man and woman before God. Marriage is theRead MoreDivorce and Marriages in the US1441 Words   |  6 Pagesno one can deny how traumatizing a failed marriage can be to one’s health. Marriage is a failed and outdated practice, in the next century it has to be a practice that ceases to exist. About four-in-ten (39%) Americans hold the view that â€Å"marriage is becoming obsolete.† An over ten percent increase from merely forty years ago when only twenty-eight percent of the population held that view (A Record Low). We are living in a society where the role of marriage has been largely diminishing, on the rate

New Entry to the Market and Game Theory Free Essays

Consider a firm that is contemplating entry into a new market. What contribution, if any, can game theory make to the analysis of the economic viability of such a strategy? Refer to the critical time line, reaction functions and the Nash premise in your reply. Introduction: Management decisions lack the full information, so they are bounded rationality decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on New Entry to the Market and Game Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Companies are players in a game, and the game dimensions are defined in terms of geography and product. So any new entrant will try to enter the market he will play a game in two dimensions geography and product (example Apple entering the smart phone market). The entrant has to decrease its price from the market price so he can guarantee a portion of the market share (steal market share from the incumbents). The incumbents have two options: either to compete or to accommodate. We introduce the principles of the Game Theory as follows: Critical Timeline: Management can observe behaviour as signals and as patterns in the signals. Patterns do emerge in the observed behaviour, patterns in price movements or patterns to do with achieving growth through acquisition. The patterns create a critical timeline (CTL) of observed actions and as the CTL unfolds, it reveals a strategy. The new entrant has to observe these patterns and management types of the incumbents over a considerable CTL, to forecast their reaction to his entry, is it going to be a competitive or accommodative reaction. Incumbents for sure faced previous entrants with some kind of reaction when they tried entry, the new entrant can study and analyze this CTL to forecast the possible reaction of the incumbents especially that firms management usually they repeat their type over and over again especially when it succeeds. Reaction functions: When the new entrant will enter the market, the reaction from the incumbents will be either passive (Cournot model) to balance the quantity in the market, i. e. to adjust his output so that both firms produce the market need and they both sell all their output so that the price will not go down and the profit does not go down as well. Or, the reaction will be aggressive (Bertnard model) by cutting the price of the new entrant and accordingly start a price war. 1) Cournot model reaction function: In this case, the incumbent will think this way: since the entrant entered the market and already chose a price. If I choose to cut price and enter a price war we will all end up in loss (profit is zero), so the best reaction is to choose an output that will guarantee me a profit-maximizing given the entrant’s output. So after the entrant enters, the incumbent will decrease his output as per the Reaction Function diagram shown below. Because the incumbent thinks if he increases his output then the market price will go down and profit will go down with it. Knowledge of the market here is crucial, to reach this profit-maximizing condition the market has to be in which firms must make production decisions in advance, are committed to selling all their output. This might occur in the majority of production costs are sunk or it is costly to hold inventories, in this environment firms will do all what it takes to sell all its output. The Cournot equilibrium here makes positive profit for the firms. 2) Bertnard model reaction function: In this case, the entrant when enters the market will enter in a lower price than incumbents to steal their customers and grant a market share for himself. The incumbents will react by reducing the price even more and the rivalry between the firms will go on and will result in a perfectly competitive outcome. In this condition the competition will be fierce because the products are perfect substitutes. If the products are differentiated, price competition is less intense. (Besanko 2010). In this Bertnard model the capacity is not constant as in Cournot. This model pertains to markets in which capacity is flexible that firms can meet all of the demand that arises at the prices they announce. If firms products are perfect substitutes, then each Bertnard competitor believes that it can steal massive amounts of business from its competitors through a small cut in price, when all competitors think this way, in equilibrium, price-cost margins and profits are driven to zero (Besanko 2010) The diagram below shows the Bertnard Reaction function when products are differentiated where both firms reach a Bertnard Equilibrium that are well above marginal cost and so they both make profit, if their products are perfect substitutes to each other then the price will be driven to marginal cost and profit will be zero. Nash Premise: If the incumbents chose the non accommodative approach then either they will reach the zero profit situation if the products are perfect substitutes, or they might reach an equilibrium (Nash) if the products are somehow horizontally differentiated. Nash Equilibrium is reached when both firms reach a situation when each of them chose a strategy and no one can benefit by changing his strategy while the other players keep their unchanged, then the current set of strategy choices and the corresponding payoffs constitute a Nash equilibrium. i. e. Firm 1 making the best decision it can, taking into account Firm 2’s decision, and Firm 2 making the best decision it can, taking into account Firm 1’s decision. (Wikipedia. com) Example: Beef-processing industry in the US, there were 4 industry leaders, then came JBS SA from South America and purchased Swift Co. to form JBS Swift Co. then the quantity produced increased (excess capacity). Capacity had to drop otherwise the outlook would remain bleak. Tyson decided to close its factory at Emporia, Kansas pulling 4000 head of capacity from the market. After this closure the capacity and the beef prices have stabilized. (Besanko 2010) We can see in this example how when a new entrant emerged (JBS Swift Co. ) the capacity increased caused the prices to drop. We conclude that the market capacity here is fixed (Cournot model) and when the incumbents saw that effect they knew for fact that reducing the output will benefit everybody. So, Tyson Co. closed one of its factories, the total output in the market dropped caused the prices to stabilize again. Here this is a kind of Cournot equilibrium that is reached. The incumbents went through an accommodative approach in this case rather than competitive. Conclusion: The entrant has to observe closely the Critical Timeline of the market’s incumbents before entering this market. According to his forecast of their reaction (whether it will be accommodative or competitive) he has to build his strategy whether he can survive or not. The entrant has to study the market demand (capacity), is it going to be affected by the new entry by absorbing the extra quantity (can lead to Bertnard) or the demand is fixed (that can lead to Cournot). The entrant’s strategy had to be built on the Reaction Functions forecasted from the incumbents where from there the entrant can calculate the Nash equilibrium value and the possibility to reach it or the other possibility to reach the zero profit condition. How to cite New Entry to the Market and Game Theory, Essay examples

Curriculum Connection Lesson Plan Essay free essay sample

Curriculum Connection I believe that in order to successfully teach the class it is important to have the right atmosphere in the class. Without this atmosphere no learning will happen because the students will not be able to ease their minds. When students have problems with the class they shut down their minds and do not learn. To make sure that this does not happen we need to create an environment where the students have open minds which can only happen in a comfortable environment. To me it is important for the students to work both in groups and individually. Both of these have their own strengths and weaknesses which enable students to grow. Group tasks involve trusting others and helping others out which helps the students feel more comfortable because they are with their peers. On the other hand individual tasks help the students feel empowered because they realize that they are the boss and that they can do what they want to do (Stensvold Wilson, 1990). We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Connection Lesson Plan Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This empowerment is necessary for personal growth. Working with others is also a necessary skill that much be learnt to lead a successful life. The way I see it, one of the most important things there is in classrooms is trust. The teacher is going to try to have the students learn new and exciting things. This is only possible when the students trust the teacher because they will only open up their minds to trusted people. If the students do not trust the teacher they will not believe the teacher which means they will not learn what they are meant to learn. The best type of teachers are the constructivist teachers who relate subjects to the student’s personal lives and enable their students to think creatively and solve problems. To successfully create this trust the teacher must work according to the cultural orientation of the students. Students that come from different areas generally have a different perspective on things. In order to break down their boundaries and make them understand things it is necessary to understand their culture and work accordingly (Willingham, 2005).The lesson plans fit together very well because they progress in a proper manner. From lesson plan 1’s basic moves to the bit more sophisticated moves of lesson plan 2 and the advanced moves in lesson plan 3, everything connects. Moves like turn left 4 times will help the children very much in remembering and learning how to count by 2’s. Similarly telling the children to roll left five times in a low level will help them in learning to count by 5’s. These types of activities are bound to help the children in learning these skills. Kinesthetic learning can do wonders for people; and this is particularly why I truly believe that these activities will work for the students in my classroom. It has been shown that people have a harder time studying if they have to sit still and memorize and learn. On the other hand if they have to do some action along with the learning they have been proven to learn better and remember things for a much longer time when compared to the traditional method of learning (Omrod, 2008).Since my class is in an area with a lot of diversity, students from all walks of life will be attending. This means that I have students that come from middle class and low class families. The students also have different skin colors, different countries of origins and many other different origins. This is why the music chosen in all lesson plans has been selected because it had the ability to connect with all types of people without offending anyone. The reason that this dance concept is important is that math has always been a hard thing for children to grasp. Even I had some problems with math in the beginning. The reason for this is simple; math is basically about working with imaginary numbers. 2+2=4 is a simple thing for us because we understand what 2 represents but harder for children because they do not. This dance concept gives children a better understand of math by integrating it in the dance concept. It visualizes the numbers which helps these 1st grade students make sense of these numbers which will help them deeply in understanding the concepts (Harold, 2008).The California Academic Standards for Dance dictate that dance lessons should involve locomotor and axial movements and allow the children to understand oral instructions and act accordingly (Omrod, 2008). The National Dance Standards developed by the Consortium of National Arts Education Association says that we should understand dance as a way to create and communicate meaning. The California State Framework for Visual and Performing art specifies that children should be able to modify their movements on the basis of force and energy and should be able to join the dance moves to create a dynamic flow (Coffield, Moseley, Hall Ecclestone, 2004). In the lesson plan one the focus of the dance content is on time and teachin g children how to move according to the varying speeds of the song. Three different songs have been selected one that is slow, one that is moderate and one that can be classified as fast. By having the students respond to the speed of the music we will be teaching them how to move according to context which fits in perfectly with the requirements told in the California State Framework for Visual and Performing arts (Constantinidou Baker, 2002).The focus of the second lesson plan is teaching children the conc kids how to move according to space. The focus of the third lesson plan again focuses on time but goes a bit deeper than lesson 1. Here I will teach them math skip counting by 10 by having them do a series of locomotor and nonlocomotor moves with varioation of direction and size. The students will learn how to move in different spaces, speeds and directions while also learning to count in 2’s, 5’s and 10’s due to kinesthetic learning (Harold, 2008). I will then ask the students to move by themselves according to different songs in order to check how much of the lessons they understood. I will then reflect upon their learning and tweak my tea ching methods accordingly. I will make sure that the children trust me. I will approach them in a friendly manner and I will always reward creativity. Children should learn how to free their minds and not be afraid of being creative. The materials needed for these lesson plans would be: iPod Songs from Disney Movies Brain-Compatible Dance Education by Anne Green Gilbert Bibliography Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning. A systematic and critical review. London: Learning and Skills Research Centre. Constantinidou, F., Baker, S. (2002). Stimulus modality and verbal learning performance in normal aging. Brain and language, 82, pp296–311. Harold Pashler, M. M. (2008). Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence. Psychological Science in Public Interest, pp105-119. Ormrod, J.E. (2008). Educational psychology: Developing learners 6th ed.. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Stensvold, M. S., Wilson, J.T. (1990). The interaction of verbal ability with concept mapping in learning from a chemistry laboratory activity. Science Education, 74, 473–480. Willingham, D. T. (2005, Summer). Do visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners need visual, auditory, and kinesthetic instruction? American Educator, 29(2), 31–35.