Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essay Example

Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century Essay Mrinal Jyoti Deka Chandan Kalita Sonam Doloi Barnali Devi Reemamoni Sarma Pranjit Choudhury INTRODUCTION Uncertainty and complexity characterize the greatest challenges todays world for managers at all organizational levels. Responding to shifts in the external environment requires ever-vigilant managers. These managers must be agile themselves in order to effectively promote agility in their environments. Agility is required in numerous areas for managerial success. These areas include flexibility in managing employees, flexibility in rewarding employees, ability to flexibly plan, flexibility in solving problems, technological agility and flexibility in addressing organizational politics. Another challenge in worker motivation is the growing diversity in the workforce. The multi-cultural workforce will continue to grow at the both sector domestic level and an international level. A diverse workforce results from a global economy. This diversity reflects the need for managers to be more flexible. All facets of managing people must be re-thought with a broader mix of workers. All jobs no longer must be performed in exactly the same way, at the same time, or even in the same location. Managers cannot llow themselves to be constrained by the past, but instead they must approach management to from an entirely new perspective with an entirely new workforce. CHALLENGES OF WORKER MOTIVATION IN 21st CENTURY 1. INNOVATIVE OF TECHNOLOGY: Due to the emergence of innovative technology, the worker those who are not familiar with the technology find it difficult to perform their jobs as they do not adapt to this. So by providing proper training it can be made familiar with the tech nology and they will motivate to perform their task. 2. WORKERS DIVERSIFICATION: Today’s workforce is very much wide. We will write a custom essay sample on Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seminar on Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So organization should take deep insight about the behavior of the employee and accordingly device the strategies to motivate the worker is a major challenges. 3. EMERGENCE OF KNOWLEDGE WORKER: Nowadays the new employees who have joined organization are better educated, more carrier-oriented and relatively less ideologically committed. This breed employee seeks more meaning from their work instead of traditional return of employment. Importance of Workers’ Motivation †¢Proper utilization of human resource: Human resource is of paramount importance for the success of any organization. It is a source of strength and aid. Human resources are the wealth of an organization, which can help it in achieving its goal. Through proper utilization of human resource management can get and use the skill, knowledge, ability etc. by development of skills, tapping and utilizing them again and again. Hence, human resource has become the focus of attention of every progressive organization to motivate its workers. †¢Better organizational image: Enterprises which offer better monetary and non-monetary facilities to their employees have a better image among them. Such concerns are successful in attracting better qualified and experienced persons. Since, there is a better man-power to development programmed; the employees are likely to join such organization. †¢Better industrial relationship: A good motivational system will create job satisfaction among employees. The employment will offer those better service conditions and various other incentives. Proper motivation create an atmosphere of confidence among the employee and employers and cordial relationship will create a healthy working environment. So, motivation among employee will lead to better industrial relationship. †¢Acceptability to change: The changing social and industrial situations will require changes and improvements in the working of enterprises. Employees resist changes for fear of an adverse effect on their employment. When the employees are given various opportunities of development then they can easily adapt to new situation. Thus, motivation will ensure the acceptability of new changes by the employees. †¢Reinforcement: It is a very powerful motivational tool. It is not only used for motivating the employees but also for enhancing organizational effectiveness. Organizations, now-a-days are making use of various technique for modifying the behavior of organization members, so that they are engaged in desirable behavior. How to Motivate the Workers A. Financial incentives: Financial incentives are the monetary reward. In the form of more wages and salaries, bonus, company paid insurance for their performance. According to Gellemen â€Å"Money is actually used to retain good person in the organization†. Some of such incentives are: 1. Bonus 2. Free insurance 3. Medical re- imbursement 4. Profit sharing. B. Non Financial Incentives: Non financial incentives Full fill the higher order needs for status recognition and ego in the society emerge. Some non financial incentives are: 1. People Mission: Organization should committed to investing their employers and ensuring that they work in safe and fair work environment in which everyone equipped with learning and tools to achieved in their job and fulfill their potential regardless of their age, gender, race, sexual, orientation etc. This mission attracts people with the talent to thrive in a fast moving and challenging global environment. 2. Mentoring: It is a program to help employers to raise their potential and manage their career effectively. This strongly support talent management initiative is to attract, develop and retain the best and enable the better understand the taken with the organization. 3. Strengths best Approach: This philosophy focuses on weakness and gives highest potential for the performance and personal growths are where employee is most talented. This development process focuses on helping employee understand their talent, built them in to strength. 4. Talent Management: Managing talent is just as important as attracting it. Talent management focuses on development and encourages employee to seek opportunities which enable them to stretch their talent, build their strength as well as keep them motivated throughout. HOW A LEADER CAN MOTIVATES THE WORKER Since 21st century cannot be remain static, so the organization so it much constantly respond to dynamic environment. In this situation organization need a good leadership and forceful employee. Leaders do nothing more important than get result. But leader cannot get result him or herself. He need to help employee and the best way to have other people get results is not by ordering but motivate them. THE APPROACH ADOPTED BY A LEADER TO MOTIVATE THE WORKER 1. PHYSICAL ACTION: An essential feature of motivation is not about what people think or feel but what they physically do. Leadership must have believe in him and take action to follow him through the proper physical action. . MOTIVATION DRIVEN BY EMOTION: In any strategic management, a leader must make sure that people have strong emotional commitments towards their goal. A leader must make a decision in such a way that all the level of employees are benefited out of it. Impact of workers motivation: 1. High Productivity: When the workers are motivated for the satisfaction of their lower and higher level of need, they put in all their efforts to s atisfy the organizational need also. This increase the efficiency in organizational activities. 2. Create Suitable Work Environment: Motivation help create a suitable environment or work culture in an organization where worker can work feel promoted to work for the organization goal. Congenial working condition with harmonious superior and subordinate relationship. 3. Combine Ability with Willingness: Sometimes workers posses the ability but not willing to perform a Particular task. In this situation, Effective Motivation combines the ability of the workers with their willingness to do the job and extract maximum out of them.

Alphabetical Phrasal Verbs Reference List

Alphabetical Phrasal Verbs Reference List Phrasal verbs are verbs that are made up of a main verb and followed by particle, usually prepositions. Most phrasal verbs are two or three words and can be quite challenging for English learners as they can be literal or figurative in meaning. In other words, sometimes it is easy to understand the meaning (such as get up), but in the case of figurative meanings can be quite confusing (such as pick up). Begin learning phrasal verbs with a limited list. The list below provides a good starting point for intermediate level English learners. Teachers can use this introducing phrasal verbs lesson plan to help students become more familiar with phrasal verbs and start building phrasal verb vocabulary. Finally, there are a wide variety of phrasal verb resources on the site to help you learn new phrasal verbs and test your understanding with quizzes. This ESL phrasal verb reference guide is intended for English learners. The guide contains some of the most important phrasal verbs used in everyday English. There are many, many more phrasal verbs, but I have chosen these verbs as a good starting point for English learners. Each phrasal verb is defined, has an example sentence for context, and states whether the definition is separable or inseparable, transitive or intransitive. For more information on how to use phrasal verbs, read the phrasal verb guide on this site. Important phrasal verbs in English starting with the letter A. Includes examples and whether the phrasal verb is separable / inseparable, transitive / intransitive. S Separable IS Inseparable T Transitive IT - Intransitive account for explain, be the reason for His lack of interest accounts for his poor grades. IS T act on take an action Tom acted on the information. IS T add to increase the size This chair will add to the furniture we already have. S T add up make sense Your guess adds up based on all the facts. IS IT agree with have the same opinion as someone I agree with Tom about the need for better schools. IS T allow something for provide time, money, or other resource for something You need to allow two hours for traffic. S T answer for something be responsible for something The director answers for the drop in sales last quarter. IS T argue something out discuss all the details to come to an agreement We argued our differences out and signed a contract. S T arrive at something agree upon something We arrived at a contract last week. IS T ask after somebody ask how someone is doing I asked after Kate last week and her mother told me she was doing well. IS T attend to something take care of something you need to do Peter attended to preparations for the party while his wife cooked the dinner. IS T average something out arrive at the average figure I average the contracts out and well make a profit of $250,000. S T

Healthy eating in young people 13 to 19, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy eating in young people 13 to 19, - Essay Example Actually unhealthy eating patterns are associated with the leading causes of death due to coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, stroke, and type-2 diabetes. Nutritional factors also are linked to osteoporosis, and are the major fundamental cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women and elderly people. Various nutritional factors are included in correlation between nutrition and health. The main concern is that consumption of more saturated fat and less consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grain products that are high in vitamins and minerals, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, that are significant to good health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Healthy eating add to an overall sense of well-being, and is the basis in the prevention of various conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, and asthma. Particularly for children and young people, healthy eating is important for the prevention of the above degenerative diseases, healthy growth and cognitive development. Eating habits cultivated during this period are likely to be continued into adulthood, emphasize the importance of encouraging healthy eating practice. It is recommend consumption of at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day, reduced intakes of saturated fat and salt and increased consumption of complex carbohydrates. However, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables in the UK is only about three portions a day. Recent studies show that an alarming numbers of obese and overweight children and young people are on the rise. To tackle the ‘epidemic’ of obesity an effective health promotion policy is essential (Shepherd, et al. 2005). The food with nutritional value is one of the key factors influencing health. If people eat healthily, they can stay away from many preventable diseases and can live long. Many countries have started to promote healthier eating, and are concerned about the fast-food

Business Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Tourism - Essay Example (Parliament, Great Britain, Media and Sport Committee Culture, and House of Commons, 2005) Although the Business tourism in Britain is well over  £ 20 Billion currently, still the tourism industry is eagerly anticipating Olympics, because that is supposed to bring some good omen after the last decision by the government to cut the funding for tourism by nearly one fifth, some economists had discovered that this decision was made on completely inaccurate data which stated an over anticipated growth in the industry. (Connor, Ashling, 2008) Here in this report we have discussed all the above and have also stated the future prospects of the tourism industry and the effects of 2012 Olympics on it. We have also provided a strong conclusion and recommendations as to the best options and growth opportunities in Britain. The non-discretionary business tourism is composed of the individual or corporate travel garners  £ 7 billion of revenues per annum. There has been a 53% growth in all business trips to the UK in the span of more than a decade. Approximately, 7 million visits are made to the UK each year for business purposes. (Rogers, Tony, 2003) The decision made by the government to cut the revenues and expenditures by a fifth was not justified and the opposition as well as the tourism promotion NGO’s realize that and some have even protested against that decision, after all, we wouldn’t want to ruin England’s name by not being prepared or rather not being able to organize a breathtaking Olympics, we have to at least show a better performance than most of the first or third world countries, being one of the most supreme and developed nation. (Great Britain: National Audit Office, 2007) One of the most alluring characters of the business tourism industry is that it creates a lot of job as well as business opportunities as well as it sustains the workforce as it is an industry that’s growing at a constant and stable growth rate. As a

Basics of finance and investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Basics of finance and investment - Essay Example Bad news is always remembered more because it is human nature that people’s miseries create a stronger impact in our minds. But it should also be remembered that if there is a Leeson, there is also a Warren Buffet. Money was lost on internet stocks, but just before that, money was also made on the same internet stocks. And Bernard Madoff was one of a kind, who took advantage of people’s confidence to him as a SEC consultant. There was nobody before or after him who operated at the level he did, because the there is usually in place an effective regulation of the market and most such operators are caught early on (Arnold, 2004). If there are no extreme developments such as market crashes and financial crises, investing for value long-term has always been sound strategy for enhancing wealth. There are several vehicles for investment: the savings account, the money market, certificates of deposit and common stocks are some of them. Each of these instruments is associated with a particular level of rate of return. The rate of return is the percentage gain an investment makes – in short, how much yearly earnings are expected as a proportion of the capital invested. The rates of return fluctuate, but they maintain a more or less consistent relationship with those of the others. For instance, the savings account in a bank would normally have the lowest rate of return which is denoted by its interest rate. The money market placement has a slightly higher interest rate, followed by certificates of deposit, and then the stock investment. The average rates of return for each of these instruments is shown in th e second row of Table 1 (source: UK National Statistics Online). The rate of return plays an important part in the concept of compounding. In compounding, the returns that have been accumulated for one year becomes part of the

An Approach Of Scientific And Non Scientific Knowledge Philosophy Essay

An Approach Of Scientific And Non Scientific Knowledge Philosophy Essay The main Objective of this paper is that the difference between Scientific and Non -Scientific Knowledge and Examine the boundary is there between these two. In order to prove all these things, we need to start from the basic. So we start with definition , The Word Science comes from the latin word scientia known as knowledge .According to Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition of science is knowledge attained through study or practice, or knowledge covering general truths of the operation of general laws, esp. as obtained and tested through scientific method and concerned with the physical world.[1]. Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. So, it is very difficult to provide a definite conclusion, to distinguish Science from non Science. Scientific Knowledge:- The Scientific knowledge is process of finding the actual knowledge through experiment and observation. It is logical and rational steps by through which scientists come to conclusion. Scientist use observation, hypotheses, theory, laws and deduction to make these conclusions. First learn the essential element of science by method of analysis. Characteristic of scientific knowledge lies on three factors objective, logical and systematic. It is transformation of deductive logic to hypothesis, then hypothesis to theory and theory to laws. These can achieve by learning from basic concept through assumption, variable, parameters and function forms [2]. Scientific hypotheses and theory are tested and verified by other Scientists, so that I can be accepted by the scientific community. Non Scientific Knowledge:- Non Scientific Knowledge is accessed via senses, intuition, revelation and experience. We know that, moving close to the fire will get hurt and burned. So, he or she gains the knowledge by physical sense seeing, sound, touch, smell and experience .Other gain knowledge by intuition and revelation. Intuition is the strong feeling or hunch and Revelation is supernatural source, such as god, divinity etc. knowledge obtained through experience, intuition, revelations are treated as private knowledge. Objective testing is not conducted on Non scientific methods. Non Scientific knowledge hold, that the world cannot be understood by science, but rather by religious revelations, mystical experience, or literary  deconstructionism [3]. Why we believe scientific knowledge rather than Non Scientific Knowledge? Scientific experiment can be repeated several times to prove the results are correct in all the cases of observation carried out. Scientific method uses method of trial and error. Trial and error is equivalent to scientific methods, Scientist use more details way of understanding of problem .Whereas in case of non scientific method, it is just prediction or forecasting the event with the help of hunch or strong feeling. This wont give the same result all the time. But there is no fundamental difference between two scientific and non Scientific(Barrow,1991) For Example, Car mechanic use his hunch to solve the problem arise in Car, but scientist solve same problem with details examination and causes for the problem. Sometimes Car mechanic can solve the problem so earlier than Scientist. From this, we cant predict scientific knowledge of no use. In order to prove this, Gallup Poll conducted survey in March 2001 among Americans, in topic -Creationism and evolution. In that survey nearly 57 % for Creationism, 33% for evolution and 10% are not sure about the problem (Gallup News Service, 2001). This shows the why scientific knowledge is credible? .first Unit covers, Science epistemological value and development of new Science. Best example is Physical Science, show why scientific knowledge is more credible and reliable knowledge than Non scientific knowledge. According to Lakatos, No scientific theories or hypothesis should be accepted without proper verification from other Scientist and Scientist community. Sir Isaac Newton who is the Father of Physics, so people had blind faith on him. Newton published the final version of his theory Opticks in 1704.Everyone accepted it without any reference and practical experiments (example for non Scientific knowledge). Same time, Christiaan Huygens proposed light was made of luminous particles called as ether .This made people to go against him, since his theory is against Newtons theory of Opticks. After Several years, Christiann Huygens theory was proved correct by Mr. Max Plancks Quantum theory and Albert Einsteins Theory of relativity through various experiment and observation [5]. How can we recognize the correct knowledge? By studying the history of the universe, it is possible to understand the natural hierarchical standard of the nature of organization (Bronowski, 1977). These levels are classified by stability, size and in built properties. These levels are made up of quantum, atomic and molecules of the universe (Silk, 2001). This Hierarchy, show the framework and Characteristics for all scientific knowledge. Some of the characteristics are: There is temporal relation between these levels for development of the universe. Steady and Stable process, to built these level from the basic Course of time is required for the development of the level and their hierarchy. Universe follow the natural algorithm of evolution (Dennett, 1995), for achieving these level of stability in all process and hierarchy. Using this knowledge, every concept of non major Science can be covered, by building a logical way of discussing the factor on itself. Best example is Biological evolution and modern synthesis (Darwin and Mendel). According to Kuhn, science is divided into revolutionary science and normal science. Normal Science is the collection of facts and it obeys all scientific rules and characteristics. Whereas, revolutionary science is overthrow the existing theory and make science in better way. In the beginning of 18th century Darwins Origin of Evolution was considered as revolutionary science. It predicts human race originates from Apes. His theory disobeys all the scientific characteristics and rules. So, no one at that time believed and accepted his theory. But now modern science has various proofs that, Darwin theory is right. [4] How can we integrate the knowledge into one? It is very difficult to accumulate and integrate the knowledge from the source of either Scientific or non scientific methods. Both Science and non Science play a vital role in Knowledge management. By bring the subject to real world and make a relation with the fact came from the experiment, observation and proposed laws to make it as whole one. Steps involved in Integration (Mackinson and Nà ¸ttestad 1998). Gather the required information from the both scientific (Hard data) and non Scientific methods (practical Data). Combine these data with the help of proper communication in all level (analysis, design and implementation) 1. Accurate within the domain 2. Increase the existing knowledge 3. Simple objective 4. Respect the difference in opinion 5. Stiff in opinion is always wrong Understand the complete problem as whole one. Relation of Parts and Unity of Knowledge: By gathering all the fundamental requirement, assumptions and laws (scientific knowledge), we can provide explain the conceptual way of any system as the basis of any non scientific terms, methods or knowledge. Epistemology is study of origin, methods and below the human knowledge. Coherence is epistemological term, in which Science has a logical connection between the theoretical and practical way of handling the methods, lead to cause and effect. Dividing Science into different disciplines, as the need for methodology and specialization (Greene, 1997). But this is not happened in real world. In reality, scientific knowledge is only one. This allows the individual to make specialize. Unity of knowledge is known as characteristic of scientific theory, which a gel of various area of study (Wilson, 1998). Example for unity of knowledge is mechanics in physics, classification of creature and their evolution in biology, Historic events etc. Unity of knowledge is a fruit for scientific an alysis and built a more ample environment to form a coherent picture of the world. When Non Scientific become Scientific? Non Scientific Method is analysis of problem with hunch or inductive or past experience. Truth in non scientific method is not examined, because results are not accurate or mere coincidence. Non Scientific method should follow some steps to reach as Scientific Knowledge. They are: Goal: What is to be done? Model: How it is done? Data: What are requirements? Evaluation: what is the output? Revision: how to improve? For Example: Cooking is the best example for Conversion of Non Scientific into Scientific terms. Microwave oven reduces most of our work, but however preparation of dishes begins with list of ingredients, recipe and instruction, mixing and cooking them. Even though all these things are perfect, well talented chef is required, to follow the recipe, modify the taste by adding ingredient according to the output (requirement of taste of the people). Modification are carried still, it meets the chefs approval. Any significant change in the recipe may be taken as permanent change and make it as food type itself in the nearby future. Scientific Method Template for Cooking GOAL To prepare a dish MODEL Recipe -type of food item going to prepare DATA Ingredients , vessels and other stuffs EVALUATION How it taste? REVISION Modification according to the comments or requirement Not a Science:- Day to Day life, people observe many thing, they treat everything as science. There are some of things, are not considered as science. They are:- Religion is not considered as science. Most of the religions followed some specific codes and methods, to make followers should obey to accept. There is no improvement in religion and no ways to measure it. Governments are established for some reason and goal. They are also allow set of rules to reach the goal. It is rarely a formal function for calculating the goal they achieved. Technology and Science are correlated. Science is used to develop the technology and technology is tool or application, developed from the knowledge of science. Astrology predictions are virtual. There is goal and model s, but criteria like evaluation, Data and revision are absent. Structure of Scientific Knowledge:- So Far, we have argued about the belief of scientific knowledge as a final conclusion, for coherent theories to growth and development. Scientific Knowledge is divided into Internal and External resource, which is implicit and explicit, explanation and concept of environment. The complexity of the problem, help us to deal with knowledge not based on the algorithm, but through set of rules to explain the importance and practices. These types of issues can view as first order module view. According to Scott Atran and Dan Sperber, classify knowledge module as a genetically specified computational device in the mind/brain that works pretty much on its own on inputs pertaining to some specific cognitive domain and provided by other parts of the nervous system (e.g. sensory receptors or other modules) (Sperber 1996, p. 120) The main motto of his postulate is, knowledge modules are providing the access to proper information in correct domain. The Structure is not standardizing, explicitly understanding of the fundamental principles for sensing or reasoning in the particular domain (Carey 1995, p. 274). According to Susan Carey, These knowledge modules are considered as empirical and conceptual problem. The empirical problems related on the data related to different catholicity. So, these data wont provide evidence for making clear decision. But these data help us to understand the fundamental and basic reasoning for characterize (Carey 1985).example for first order module view is classification of the flora and fauna. They are not domain specific. However the knowledge module is considered as the core domain knowledge. Scientific development through abstract knowledge:- According to Carey and Spelke put forward:- Processes for combining the representations from domain-specific systems of knowledge provide one potential mechanism of theory development and conceptual changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ studies of young children provide a promising means to study these processes (Carey and Spelke 1996, p. 528) Abstract knowledge can be obtained from conceptual change. But scientific knowledge is termed as Theoretical knowledge. Results of the observation are converted into theories, which are assumed as right (true). If terms of false result, scientific knowledge is assert the new one, by adding additional valid information in old theories. The change in theories is always good for the growth of the knowledge module in Scientific methods. But now days, sociologist claims, Science is elaborated field, in order to gain the scientific knowledge it is necessary to take cultural and social events as consideration (Biagoli 1993, Shapin and Schaffer 1985). Boundary between Scientific and Non Scientific knowledge:- Whether there is boundary between scientific and non scientific knowledge? In order to examine this, there are several factors and importance we need to notice, some of them are: Accepting the wrong conclusion, so that research is made to find the actual truth (knowledge). Boundary between Scientific and non Scientific is not imaginary, all research either lies on Scientific or non scientific Knowledge is based on the Science, naturally boundary will exist. Boundary is best indicator to explain the characteristic of any research work or fields. Factors involved along with scientific and non Scientific method, explain the characteristic of the research. To define the classical logic and standards, boundary is required. Mistake in applying Scientific methods: Scientist used the hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of any events or research, without finding or conducting experimental tests. We cannot prove the hypothesis, by conducting single experiment. If result obtained from the original hypothesis is differing from final result of the experiment, hypothesis wont change due to result difference. These factors relates on variable control, time, measurement, etc. Removing of unwanted data from the hypothesis is always a great mistake. Scientist always has strong belief, that their hypothesis is right. So it is human tendency, to change the data if results are against the hypothesis. Calculation of estimating the type, priority, number and classification of errors also lead to one mistake in knowledge gathering in scientific methods. Communication plays a vital role in development and sharing of Knowledge. Miscommunication, community override , personal or group bias are avoided , since experiments , test and research are carried out by different people from different culture , language, thoughts ,opinion etc. so there is always possibility for conflict and other human errors and mistake ( Wilson,1952). Summary:- If only theory and practice worked on the same lines, everything I read in the books wouldve been true!!! The scientific methods are closely related with science, which solve the human queries that penetrate the all level of knowledge management. Method are simpler and logic way of understanding the problem. In introduction, we distinguish science and its methods from all other forms of non scientific methods. Scientific method is examine through various step like observation ,prediction , hypothesis and experimentation , with all view of the philosopher like cloud, Spelke, Wilson ,Kuhn etc in each phase . In Terms of Non scientific methods, we discuss about the how it differs from traditional way (scientific methods)? , when Non scientific act become scientific one? . In later portion, boundary and difference between scientific and non scientific methods and knowledge, mistake committed by the scientist while during the hypothesis and other phase of analysis and experiment are discussed. For further details of this topic and other aspect may be found in reference listed below. Conclusion: All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree Albert Einstein [23] We have discussed about the growth of scientific knowledge, with all traditional practices, concepts, evolution of theories and other knowledge resource. The Scientific method view is play vital role in developing the standard and concept. Same way Non scientific methods and knowledge also lead to enrich our idea, since this only converted into scientific knowledge, by adding some favor like goal, evaluation, data etc. Both type of knowledge help us in conversion and development of conceptual system. Conceptual system is rich in cognitive knowledge development. This only required by the people or scholar to enrich society, community or individual.

Sleeping Beautys Castle Essay -- Compare Contrast Castles Architectur

Sleeping Beauty's Castle The past has a great influence on present culture. However ideas and themes of the past can change with time. This is true with the ideas associated with the medieval castle. These castles, which once served as a military fortress as well as a residence, are now often associated with the fantastical, popular images people can have of the middle ages. Sleeping Beauty's castle at Disneyland is a good example because it represents an idea to many people of what a medieval castle may have looked like. However the Disney castle is not an exact representation of a medieval castle. The differences in style and architecture between the Sleeping Beauty Castle and a medieval castle reflect each castle's varying functions and result in different impressions associated with each castle. Sleeping Beauty's castle is located at the Disneyland amusement park in Anaheim, California. The castle was opened in April 1957, roughly two years after Disneyland itself opened. Since its opening, the castle has become a major attraction at the park. It is often shown in advertisements for Disneyland and appears on its movie logo. The castle stands in the center of the park, at the end of Disneyland's Main Street. It is also directly aligned with the front entrance of the park. The exterior of the castle is the main emphasis of the attraction. It represents the medieval castle where Sleeping Beauty was born. The numerous towers and walkways that make up the castle are inaccessible. They are only part of the castle's decoration. Visitors to the castle will find that they cannot ascend into any of these towers and can only walk straight through the castle. The walkway through castle displays a diorama of Sleeping Beauty's life... ...types. The more knowledge that is known about medieval castle, the more apparent it is that his castle is an exaggerated version that is aimed more at expressing the magical and fantastical qualities that modern society associates with the middle ages than at giving a true historical representation of a medieval castle. Works Cited: 1. Hughes, James. Military Architecture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974 2. Levron, Jacques. The Royal Chateaux of the Ile de France. New York: Rand McNally & Company, 1965. 3. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Prentice Hall, inc., and Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995. 4. "Architecture." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986. 5. "Castles." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986. 6. "Middle Ages." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986.